Downgrade Warning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Downsize Warning - Term Paper Example As indicated by the report ‘J.P. Morgan Tells Analysts To Warn of a Downgrade’ experts autonomy is contrarily influenced when it needs to unmistakably impart to the organization and the customer financier the explanation for explicit stock proposals. Examiners are cautioned from directing negative examination and a few firms punish financial specialists for suggesting deal alternatives. †¢ What precisely does Peter Houghtons update say? Does the update say that investigators should bargain their freedom? How does the update bring up issues about investigators autonomy? Does it have any effect whether experts arent compelled to change suggestions, yet just to roll out verifiable improvements? Ans) The update of Peter Houghton doesn't legitimately highlight analysts’ autonomy. The reminder expresses that examiners ought to counsel the organization and the customer financier before making suggestions to a speculator. Additionally the investigator ought to either acknowledge the solicitation of the exploration note suggested by the firm or ought to obviously convey to the firm regarding why it can't follow those proposals. Indeed, there is contrast between requesting that investigator change proposals and rolling out verifiable improvements. †¢ What are the purchase side and sell side? For what reason may the sell side be reluctant to make sell proposals on stocks? In the event that the purchase side has its own experts, would the purchase side ever see sell side investigators reports? Ans) The ‘buy side’ and the ‘sell side’ are the two sorts of investigators. ‘Sell’ suggestion is considered as a piece of negative exploration which influences the firm contrarily so the sell proposal on stocks is seen in a negative way. â€Å"Sell-side experts normally work for full-administration representative sellers and make suggestions on the protections they spread. Purchase side experts commonly work for institutional cash managers†that buy protections for their own accounts† (Analyzing Analyst Recommendations para. 6). †¢ Why may sell

Economy system of Nigeria

Economy arrangement of Nigeria Presentation Nigeria has delivered a few hundred billion dollars worth of oil since its free in 1960, however its residents profit by none of this riches. This circumstance basically exists in light of the fact that progressive governments, both military and non military personnel, have taken or abused a lot of Nigerias huge oil wealth.[1] The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), a state-possessed XXXX intended to research and implement all laws against monetary and money related wrongdoings in all its ramifications[2], revealed an all out misfortune in the trillions as a result of debasement and waste. Nigeria, situated in West Africa, holds a large number of the universes important common assets, for example, raw petroleum (oil), tin, columbite, materials, cotton, palm oil, and steel among others. In particular, Niger Delta, situated in XXXXX, is the principle maker of oil, and principally adds to Nigerias economy. As per World Bank measurements, in 2008 Nigerias oil and gas part contributed around ninety-six percent (96%) of fare incomes, eighty-one percent (81%) of government incomes, and just seventeen percent (17%) of total national output (GDP) due to declining oil yield in the Niger Delta region.[3] GDP shows the steadiness of a countrys economy according to the absolute estimation of its products and ventures over a particular period. In spite of Nigerias bounty of normal assets, its economy keeps on stunning with future advancement getting inconceivable. Advancement urgently expected to lessen destitution levels bringing about upgrades in its emergency clinics, schools, streets, and XXXXXXX. In particular, Nigerias oil industry has become a pool of debasement between encompassing states, people looking for power, and the government. The chances, enormous oil and gas stores may have brought have, throughout the years, generally been wasted, as defilement, terrible administration and over-reliance on oil have subverted the development of different parts, including horticulture. Today, around sixty-five percent (65%) of the populace live beneath the neediness level of US $1/day, and more than fifty (50) million Nigerians, experience the ill effects of incapacitating diseases.[4] As oil incomes fuel[ed] the ascent of administrative aids to states and dubiously to people, the government before long turned into the cent[er] of political battle, and the limit of intensity in the nation. This made a perilous circumstance as it turned out to be progressively reliant on oil incomes, and the worldwide item advertises for budgetary and monetary concerns shunning financial strength spelling fate to federalism in Nigeria[5]. Subsequent to directing exploration, defilement shows up as one of the numerous commitments to the destruction of Nigerias economy including political flimsiness, deficient framework, and poor macroeconomic administration. Understanding the presence, development and effect of defilement inside the Nigerian state, requires the definition or conceptualization of debasement inside the setting of in the first place, the legitimate framework and organization of equity, and second, the global lawful regulating articulation of the term, since there is no all around satisfactory definition.[6] This paper is separated into five (5) sections permitting an exhaustive investigation on XXXXXX being depicted. The initial segment will give a foundation into Nigeria, and its oil division. The subsequent part will introduce the present status of Nigerias economy. The third part will characterize and XXXX defilement, and XXXXXXX. The fourth part will give an examination of different nations inside West Africa, and how defilement is dealt with. What's more, in conclusion, the fifth part will give arrangements. Each part is interlocked by the term Nigeria, and its Oil Sector Nigeria is situated in West Africa, and spreads a territory of 923,768 sq km (356,669 sq miles) estimating around 1,200 km (around 750 miles) from east to west, and around 1,050 km (around 650 miles) from north to south.[7] Nigeria is encircled by the Republic of Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Niger with the Gulf of Guinea, some portion of the Atlantic Ocean running from Cape Palmas in Liberia to Cape Lopez in Gabon[8], as its coast. Its landscape is various, and comprises of mangrove swamp wildernesses extending over the whole coastline making for the most part out of little streams, rivulets, and parts of the Niger and Benue Rivers.[9] The Niger River enters the nation from the northwest, and the Benue River enters from the upper east with the two waterways converging at the city of Lokoja purging into the Niger Delta; together it frames the state of a Y.[10] The Niger Delta is made out of nine (9) states inside Nigeria situated in the : Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo, and Rivers. There are thirty-six (36) XXXXXXXXX. The areas oil contributes around 90 percent (90%) of the estimation of Nigerias sends out despite the fact that Nigeria, completely, remains XXXXXXXXX. The Niger Delta is progressively getting shaky with contributing elements to incorporate between ethnic conflicts, brutality activated due to its oil incomes, and primarily, defilement. Pipelines are consistently vandalized by devastated inhabitants, who chance their lives to redirect fuel.[11] Such conduct results to barrels of rough being squandered, a huge monetary misfortune to Nigerias economy. As per the XXXXXX, Nigeria is the universes (eighth) greatest exporter of oil with a creation pace of roughly three (3) million barrels for each day (bpd). However, its creation of barrels of oil significantly vacillates contrasted with different countries because of interior turmoil[12] keeping the nation from benefiting as much as possible from its human resources.[13] Threats, assaults, and strain exist between oil organizations and ethnic clans bringing about the Niger Delta being conflicting in oil creation. Despite the fact that chance of riches exists in Nigeria, the individuals stay devastated, incapable to support a typical life, and subsequently subject themselves to brutality so as to endure. The yield of oil in the Niger Delta can cure the destitution issue, and give would like to Nigeria, and its economy. The Oil Sector It tends to be securely contended the issues endured by the Niger Delta impacted the downfall of Nigerias economy. As per a course of events given by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC), oil was first found at Olibiri, XXXXXX, in 1956 by Shell-BP following quite a while of oil investigation. In 1958, Nigeria got one of the top makers because of its first oil field delivering around 5,100 bpd. At the finish of the Biafran War in 1970, Nigeria started profited by the oil creation with the assistance of rising oil costs all through the world. In 1971, the nation joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC), in which the foundation of the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) followed in 1977. The OPEC is a perpetual intergovernmental association of twelve (12) oil-sending out creating countries planning and binding together oil polices of its Member Countries.[14] Member nations incorporate Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, IR Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, SP Libyan AJ, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Venezuela. OPEC is intended to screen oil costs in worldwide markets so as to annihilate unsafe variances. It manages a proficient, monetary and normal flexibly of oil to devouring countries to bring about reasonable profits for money to those putting resources into the oil business making sure about consistent incomes[15] to their Member Countries. The NNPC is a state-claimed organization set up to build the estimation of Nigerias oil area to the network. It has powers, and operational enthusiasm for refining, petrochemicals, and items transportation.[16]The organization is compartmentalized into twelve (12) segments with the mission of pinpointing potential dangerous issues inside the business. Likewise, the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), which is under the Ministry of Petroleum Resources, works partnership with the NNPC. DPR guarantees total consistence with industry guidelines, licenses, and ecological guidelines. Inside the following couple of years, Nigerias creation level was more than two (2) million barrels (bpd) with levels fluctuating during the following years. Current improvement plans include expanding oil yield to around to four (4) million bpd. In spite of all estimates actualized for effectiveness in Nigerias oil division, the nation endures enormously with no chance of evolving. With every day, its oil industry develops, debasement attacks the yield, and the individuals of Nigeria keep on anguish. The Economy of Nigeria Nigerias economy has promising XXXXXX, and has been variable since the change of its type of government from military standard to regular citizen rule. There are immense assets underway coming about in XXXXX incomes, however no sum is segmented off to be put once more into the economy. Destitution is boundless, and Nigerias fundamental social indicators[17] win it a spot among the least fortunate nations on the planet. As experienced by numerous different nations, the economy is the thing that permits existing foundation to be kept up, and industrialized. Be that as it may, seeing Nigerias economy from the past to current, there has not been any genuine changes required for insurgency into the accompanying time. Nigerias economy started in the farming scene before its oil disclosure. Agribusiness and cultivating was the lifestyle, and the source in its exchanging market. Upon the underlying oil revelation in the Niger Delta in 1958, horticulture added to lion's share of Nigerias GDP, and fare incomes. In the following after years, the oil part ventured into standard, and became Nigerias key wellspring of income. The oil segment gave roughly (20%) of GDP, ninety-five percent (95%) of remote trade profit, and around sixty-five percent (65%) of budgetary revenues.[18] As indicated by measurements given by the United States Agency of International Development (USAID), industrialization assumes a colossal job

What Is The Meaning Of Term Paper?

What Is The Meaning Of Term Paper?A lot of people, when they come to the first paragraph of their term paper, are puzzled as to what is the meaning of term paper. So here is the explanation of the term paper.The definition of term paper is quite simple. It is just one single term paper, which is used for writing a term paper on some particular subject. Here, all the ideas that are related to the subject are presented in a more simplified form, to help the student to concentrate on those. This helps them to understand the subject much better and this makes it easier for them to write their term paper.If you get confused about what is the meaning of term paper then, it is easy for you to get to know about it. The process of preparing the term paper should be a lot simple and easy. You should follow some simple steps, which will help you in writing a term paper on a specific topic.First of all, you need to be very clear about the topics that you want to write about in your term paper. T ry to be thorough in knowing about it and come up with as many ideas as possible. Do not forget to write down as many ideas as possible. You can also do brainstorming sessions with your friends, family members or colleagues.The second step that you should take, when you want to write a term paper, is to prepare a proper topic. You can use any of the subjects for doing it. You can also use the topic, which has been discussed in your class or in the session with your friends. At the end of your term paper, you can analyze the topic to find out the relevance of the topic in your paper.The third step, which should be taken, when you want to write a term paper, is to consider writing the ideas very clearly. It is important that you should not use poor language for discussing the topic. Try to use sentences, which are short, that can be understood easily. Also, you need to know that you should avoid using slang words, or sayings in your paper.When you do the above mentioned steps, then, y ou will be able to understand what is the meaning of term paper. You will find that the task is quite easy. After writing your term paper, you can actually do other work, while you are still waiting for your term paper to be graded.Now that you have a clear idea about what is the meaning of term paper, it is important that you understand it well. So, take some time and understand it well.

Difference between Conflict Management and Anger Management - 275 Words

Difference between Conflict Management and Anger Management (Term Paper Sample) Content: Difference between Conflict Management and Anger ManagementByInstitutionDifference between Conflict Management and Anger ManagementConflict ManagementConflict management refers to the process via which conflict resolution is reached. The practices of conflict management are all designed to assist in the achievement of conflict resolution, and can include learning communication skills that are more effective, mediation or responding to conflict by finding a different way, for instance via conflict coaching.Conflict resolution is the successful creation of a way forward in a situation that is difficult without leaving avoidance, anger, resentment and distraction which may have not been dealt with (Blum, 2009, p.Â11). Basing on that, it is worth noting that full conflict resolution can take a longer period especially in situations that are difficult. However, effective management of conflict can assist in continuous movement towards resolution instead of getting wors e or remaining stuck.Anger ManagementAnger management refers to training for control of temper and is the skill of making one remain calm. The programs of managing anger consider it to be a motivation that result from indefinable reason that can be analyzed logically (Blum, 2009, p.Â20). The most common techniques of managing anger include improving strategies of communication, solving problem, cognitive restructuring and relaxation techniques. The cognitive behavioral methods are the basis of the interventions of anger management and entail a process with three main steps.First of all, the customer learn to clearly identify conditions and situations which can trigger anger feeling. Secondly, the relaxation methods are taught as best responses to the situations that are identified (Woodruff, 2009, p.Â26). Common methods include physically getting out of the situation and ensuring breathe regulation. Lastly, there is the use of role play in practicing the application of the m ethods learned for future encounters with situations that induce anger in the life of an individual.Anger management is about controlling oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s temper and making him or her calm. Conflict management is all about arriving at a res...

School Safety - 2079 Words

School Safety The issue of school safety has become a controversial topic in the United States, due to tragic acts of violence occurring on a daily basis. American citizens should never have to cope with the negative impact of school violence, no matter how often they hear about the tragedies (Jones, Parents 1). In the past, schools were viewed as a safe place for children to get an education. Recently, the concern over violence in schools has taken a toll on many parents, school administrators, and legislatures (Eckland 1). Studies have shown that there are over 3 million acts of violence in American public schools each year. Not all occurrences are serious and deadly, but they occur on a daily basis throughout our country†¦show more content†¦Faculty members believe that caustic punishment will have more of an impact (Kohn 320). They hope that a policy known as Zero Tolerance will help find a solution to enforce friendly behavior and eliminate violent behavior from the school sy stem. Problems arise within the policy as it focuses on students that commit violence rather than trying to exterminate the issue or teach that this is improper behavior. Schools jump quickly to remove the troubled child from their campus for many reasons. The main reason for reaction is not due to safety concerns, but to the fact that school officials are more worried about having an Exemplary campus. In response, the student is not learning a moral lesson for their actions (Kohn 321). Kohn established his credibility by writing an educational and informative article about school safety. He used evidence and real life situations to connect with the readers. He connected with the reader’s emotions by stating instances where children have been affected or severely injured. He described the instances and provided examples as support. Through this essay, Kohn clearly established his concerns and problems that need to be addressed to make the public school system safer f or everyone that enters. A main issue in school safety is the financial constraints that have prevented security measures from being instituted in numerousShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Public Safety For School Children1447 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances of modern society, we now have more opportunities than ever to promote safety. The iClick to Safety device was inspired by the growing concern of public safety for school children. The FBI has confirmed a sharp rise in mass shootings since 2000, leaving parents and school faculty desperate for solutions. Law enforcement is often required to stop mass shootings, especially in places such as schools where individuals have no tools of self-defense at their disposal. A quick response isRead MoreSchool Safety774 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday students are leaving school and getting hurt, outsiders are coming into schools and hurting students, insiders such as students and staff have also been known to hurt our school-age children and there is nothin g being done about it. School is not optional; it is required by law for every child to go to school, so school should not be feared by the students it should be a safe learning environment. More U.S. high school students are skipping class because they feel unsafe even though theRead MoreSchool Safety And Student Safety2351 Words   |  10 Pages During the past decade, school safety has been at the forefront of many school districts safety polices and plans. With recent high profile school shootings, the question school districts continue to ask is how do we keep our schools safe? Administrators face heavy scrutiny when weighing approaches to school safety and student discipline. 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Green remains at Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Bronze R. Green, Department of Criminal Justice, Faulkner State Community College, Bay Minette, AL 36057. Contact: bronze.green@yahoo.com â€Æ' Abstract This paper explores published articlesRead MoreImplementing Gun Safety On School Classrooms2429 Words   |  10 PagesSamantha Russo Professor Sandoz Research Methods-Block 3 29 September 2014 Implementing Gun Safety in School Classrooms Nine year old Aaron Schmitt had been rummaging around in his dad’s closet and found a shiny new toy. He was enthralled with his find. As he felt the cold metal in his hand, he thought of the fun he could have playing a game of cops and robbers. Aaron spun the gun around in his hand wanting to show it to his friends. He knew he should ask for permission from his parents to takeRead MoreEssay on School Safety: Protecting the Students1921 Words   |  8 PagesSchool Safety: Protecting the Students For many students a positive academic environment is increasingly harder to obtain. This is mainly due to their lack of safety. Whether it be inside the classroom or out. Unfavorable situations at home, psychological stability, physical dangers and violence all contribute to this evident shortage. There have been investigations on how organizations, teachers and parents collaborate together in todays society to influence the students understanding ofRead MoreViolence and Education; School Safety937 Words   |  4 PagesViolence and Education: School Safety The most recent shooting at the elementary school located in Newtown, Connecticut have shifted our focus on the question of whether or not we are doing enough to protect our students in our schools across the nation. Every morning, parents send their children to school every morning trusting that they will be returning home the same day, but as we all know that isnt always the case for some. The tragedies that have taken place show that we need to pay moreRead MoreSchool Safety And Community Relations1031 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Lane served as the high school and middle school principal for many years. This school year, CCS has hired one more principal, and Amanda decided to lead the middle school only. As the school grew rapidly in the last two years, the two main objectives Mrs. Lane would like to reevaluate this academic year are school safety and community relations. School Safety The developed guidelines and procedures for dealing with existing and potential incidents at CCS are defined in their Emergency PlanRead MoreSafety Policies and Procedures in Schools1074 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in schools has become a growing epidemic. Hearing of a school shooting where students are gunned down for no apparent reason is a reminder of the seemly increasing national problem of school violence. Dewey Cornell (2010) a clinical psychologist and education professor at the University of Virginia suggest that school shooting in â€Å"Columbine High School in Colorado and Virginia Tech has reinforced a perception that schools can be dangerous places† (p.1). Yet, there has been

Code of Professional Ethics by American Institute of Certified Public Essay Example For Students

Code of Professional Ethics by American Institute of Certified Public Essay AccountantsCode of Professional Ethics by American Institute of Certified Public AccountantsIntroductionA code of professional ethics is a voluntary assumption of self disciplineabove and beyond the requirements of the law. The Code of Ethical Conduct servesthe highly practical purpose to notify the public that the profession willprotect the public interest (Carey, Doherty: p 3). When people need a doctor, alawyer or a certified public accountant, they seek someone whom they can trustto do a good job, not for himself but for them. People assume that the hiredprofessional is qualified since they cannot appraise him. They must take it onfaith that he is competent. That is why professionals are distinguished frombusinesses and why there is a need for ethical regulations. The Code of Professional EthicsThe Code of Professional Ethics for public accountants was developed by theAmerican Institute of Public Accountant and includes four different categories. The first, Concepts of Professional Ethics, establishes major requirements forCPAs in different areas of their day-to-day professional activities. The mainparts of the Code are: Independence, Integrity and Objectivity in the practiceof public accounting, Competence and technical standards, Responsibilities toclients, Responsibilities to colleagues and Other responsibilities andPractices. Independence has always been the fundamental concept to theaccounting profession. In fact it is the most essential to the practice of allprofessions. The financial reports produced by CPAs would be of little value tothe public unless CPAs maintain their independence. Independence has always beenassociated with integrity and objectivity. Since faults on financialstatements may be the result of either a honest mistake or a lack of integrityit is imperative to associate the notion of independence with the objectivityand integrity. As part of the requirements by the Code of ethics, CPA shouldavoid any re lationships that may result in the CPAs becoming dependent on theparticular client. Such relationships include financial interests and clientmanagement. It is very important that the opinion of the CPA reflects theresults of operating decisions taken by the client and not any underlying ideaswhich may be the case if a CPA takes part in the decision making process of thecompany. Another important issue discussed in the Code of ethics is competence andresponsibility of CPAs. It establishes a basic ethical obligation that a CPAshall not render any services which he is not competent to render. Within thistopic, the code mentions continuing improvement of the competence of CPAs in allareas in which they engage. In fact, the requirements of competence areestablished by law. If a man renders a service he is not familiar with, hecommits a fraud on the public (However, CPAs are supposed in a reasonable mannerto carry this principle beyond). The code of ethics assumes that in situationswhere CPAs face a problem he/she is not familiar with, they may ask otherpractitioners for help. A CPA may drop the case only when his/her efforts proveto be futile. From the other standpoint, there are always unknowns in everyprofession. Thus, to assume that every practitioner is completely knowledgeablewould be inaccurate. Responsibilities to Clients include CPAs maintaining their independence,integrity and objectivity regardless of any personal interest that previouslyexists. CPAs should hold in confidence, all the information about their clientswhich they acquire during engagements. However the Code states that CPAs shouldinsist on disclosing in financial reports, all information necessary for thefair presentation of the clients affairs. The accountancy laws in some states of the USA contain provisions which do notrequire disclosing information obtained during engagement by accountant in anycourt. These clauses directly interfere with federal jurisdiction. Federalcourts have held that a state statute conferring privileged status oncommunications to accountants does not apply to a Federal administrativeproceedings (Carey and Doherty: p. 133) and may require disclosure of theinformation by CPA. .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .postImageUrl , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:hover , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:visited , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:active { border:0!important; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:active , .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e0752de4d2cd1301344431eb8bf29af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Professor And The Madman EssayWith reference to the Responsibilities to Colleagues, good relations within aprofession are very important because they aid in the exchange information andopinions. The public confidence in professional accounting is gained mainly bycumulative accomplishments of all CPAs (AICPA, Section 55, article 01). Successful professionals in accounting do not hide secrets from what they havelearned from their experience. They share their ideas with other practitionerswho address them directly or publish articles in professional publications,through speeches and professional meetings. The code prescribes assisting colleagues in complying with the code of ethicsand disclosing cases of its enforcement. Basically, the principles of responsibilities to fellow practitioners describedin the Code do not establish the limits of professional conduct. They define thearea and basic foundations of the professional courtesy. Finally the code defines general principles of ethical conduct for professionalaccountants. These responsibilities are not discussed in other parts of the Codebut they underlie all ethical principles mentioned in the text of the Code. Theyestablish basic regulations of rivalry inside the profession and also establishthe ethical obligation of CPAs to clients in determining fair fees for theirservices, and other principles. The foundation of public accounting is the client confidence and those peoplewho are using financial statements produced by CPAs. To keep the confidence ofclients, CPAs shall maintain their independence and objectivity. The standardsof independence require that the CPA does not subordinate his judgement on tothat of the client keeping in mind that there are other CPAs who are knocking athis clients door. One of the other principles mentioned in the Code is therenunciation of promotional methods of the commercial world which increase thepressure on CPAs and will lead to conformity with the letter of the code evadingits spirit. CPA shall not be involved with business activities that are incompatible withthe practice of public accounting. These activities include selling securitiesbecause this may include promotional activities for a public accounting practiceand consequently negatively influence the independence of CPAs. The next category of the Codes of professional ethics include Rules of Conductwhich establish more detailed regulations of the principles described in thefirst part of the Code. These rules become effective only after approval of themembership. A member who is found guilty in enforcing Rules of conduct may beexpelled or suspended by the Trial Board. The Rules of conduct have four majorparts as mentioned in the first part of the Code under the Concepts ofProfessional ethics. Each section of the Rules of Conduct has a subset ofparticular cases given under Ethics Rulings. In addition to the standards described above, state CPA institutions and othergovernment establish their own ethical standards. ConclusionProfessional ethics is concerned with human behaviour and human relations. Ashuman society becomes more complicated, so do the codes of professional conduct. The purpose of the rules is to attract and increase public confidence anddiscourage behaviour inconsistent with the image of profession. Publicconfidence may even be more important to the public accountant than to any otherprofessional because CPAs are concerned not only about their clients but alsoabout those who rely on their reports. The code of ethical conduct providesmembers of the profession with the rules that were worked out on the historicalbasis to attract the confidence of the public.Therefore, the rules of ethicsare the foundation of public confidence. Works CitedJohn L. Carey and William O. Doherty. Ethical Standards of the AccountingProfession. New York: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1966American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Code of Professional Ethics. .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .postImageUrl , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:hover , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:visited , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:active { border:0!important; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:active , .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b9c88d3823367efa57218a577b954ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb EssayNew York: AICPA, 1977

Of Being Trapped Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners Essay Example

Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners Paper A pattern that tends to emerge in each of the stories contained within Dubliners by James Joyce is characters that are paralyzed. Joyce himself would write in a letter to Grant Richards that [m]y intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the center of paralysis (Myers 4). Dubliners, contains twelve seemingly independent stories that each deal with the theme of paralysis brought on by love. This theme is both obviously stated and subtly hinted at in the various stories. There is a difference though in the cases of paralysis brought on by love. Only four of the cases concern a major female while the rest have to deal with a major or minor male character. This could be explained by saying that Joyce had a majority of male leads because he himself was obviously male and thus he could write the character better. Evidence to the contrary though comes from the stories about the major females themselves in which Joyce had written the ladies just as well as the men. Now, its not just the ratio of male to female stories being the main difference, there is also a difference in how Joyce represents the genders in the love-based paralysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This secondary difference brings to light what Marilyn French discusses in her book Shakespeares Division of Experience, â€Å"[t]he basic distinction in human social order since the beginning of recorded history has been gender (11). Paralysis, in all of the stories, presents a great difference in how the love-based paralysis in a woman is presented from how it is presented in a man. The male form of paralysis is shown more as a stepping stone in life. The men eventually gain some knowledge from their affliction instead of being defeated by it. However, the women’s afflictions are show as something final. There is no hint of a learning experience nor is there character growth to be had in their respective stories. They become paralyzed in every sense of the word. It is the difference of these types of paralysis between male and female that shows the kind of constricting role that women held in Joyce’s portrayal of Dublin. There is a case of love-based paralysis that is illustrated in the story titled Araby. The basics of which is a story about a young boy and his every growing obsession with his friend’s sister. His whole life basically becomes focused on all his thoughts about her and the more constant thought of when he would be able to see her again despite never really having a true conversation with the girl as evident by his remark that, I had never spoken to her except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood (Joyce 40). He allows his life to be ruled by his obsession and on the fateful day that she finally speaks to him, he is beyond astonished: When she addressed the first words to me I was so confused that I did not know what to answer (41). She asks whether he is going to make the trip to the titular bazaar and requests that if he is going that he would bring her something back since she is unable to go herself. It is here that the boys obsession grows worse once he receives a request from the object of his longing as stated here: I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life, which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me childs play, ugly monotonous childs play (43). This fixation on the idol of all his unfulfilled affections completely rules his young life and now he has the hope to break into the adult world in order to finally have this girl consider him seriously. The bazaar presents itself as the perfect chance for the boy to prove how deeply his admiration for the girl runs. It is also a perfect time in which he can take himself from a fantasy realm to one of reality in which he gets the girl. He begins to cultivate this belief that somehow by going to Araby; it will begin a sort of metamorphosis from what he is now to someone that the girl will desire. He starts believing so strongly in this metamorphosis that he starts to focus his whole being into doing each step perfectly in order for this to go right. It is when the night of the bazaar arrives, however, that the boy encounters his first setback. His uncle was supposed to come home and give him money so he could go on his journey but the man is out drinking. He comes home late as a result and the boy ends up being extremely late for the bazaar. Because of this unforeseen tardiness, there are just a handful of stalls open when he finally arrives at Araby. He tries to do what he can however and browses the wares available to him but nothing really catches his eye because he becomes too caught up in what he believes to be his failure. Here the lights drop, acting as a rather abrupt symbol of the boy finally entering adulthood and leaving behind his fantasies. The events before this abrupt ending are where the theme of love-based paralysis comes through. When he is caught in his imaginary failures, he becomes paralyzed even though this paralysis is not necessarily his own fault. The boy did everything in his power in order to achieve his new dream. The problem came from an outside source where there are things beyond the boys power that are controlling the events unfolding around him that fateful night. His Uncle causes him to be late by not coming home and this begins to make the boy feel as if he is trapped. His Uncle does finally arrive but because he arrives so very late to the bazaar, the boy finds himself too embarrassed about his imagined failure to bring himself to do anything. With almost all of the stalls being closed and the people being rude to him in those that do happen to be open, he fails to see he still has a chance to buy something and becomes paralyzed. His carefully cultivated belief falls apart before his eyes: Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger (Joyce 46). The moment when the boys fantasy didnt come to life, he started to see himself from another perspective. As he is standing there before one of the few stalls open, he comes to the realization that his motivations may not have been as noble as he had first thought they were, that maybe the love he had imagined for the girl wasn’t enough to help carry him through his plans. He wasn’t going to the bazaar to acquire a gift for the object of his affection; he was going for far more selfish reasons. His going was an attempt at getting himself out of his own dull life and into another life that was by far more interesting. However, he did not find the Eastern enchantment that he had dreamed up in his head, he found only a dark flea market ready to close up for the night. The bazaar that he had dreamed up in his head were the own dreams he had of himself, or, how he saw himself. Once those lights went out, though, the dream version of him died as well as the imagined love. Eveline is the next story and it resembles the previous story Araby. It is also the next story in the series and by being in such a position, the reader is taken back to the events before the bazaar by the first paragraph presented in Eveline. There is the girl and the house and a field very much like there was in Araby with the only difference being the gender of the main character. As the story continues on, the rest of the differences start to come out from the woodwork. So, even with the endings of the stories both being a form of love-based paralysis, the ending positions of the characters is worlds apart. From the start of â€Å"Eveline†, Joyce paints the titular character as an insecure and shy young woman. The entire story unfolds in just the span of a few hours and only between two different settings. Despite the brevity of the timeline, the story recounts the rather doubtful and complex thought process of a young woman trying to discover the right answers to the problems that are currently plaguing her. She is bound by a promise to her mother to â€Å"keep the home together as long as she could† (Joyce 50) and her duty to take care of her father. She does have two brothers but one is deceased and the other has a job that keeps him away from home quite a bit. This forces her to live with just her father who has turned abusive. She is in conflict over remaining home because of her strong sense of duty or leaving to follow the man she has fallen so head over heels in love for. She begins to think it foolish to leave the place that she has called home all along and the work that has become something of a safety net. It was hard work – a hard life – but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life† (48). This thought only comes after Eveline has ran through all the reasons in her head to leave showing that she is afraid of any dramatic change to her life. In her panic riddled mind she makes the decision to leave with her lover, Frank, and heads to the dock in order to meet him. Once she arrives however, the cycling of panic begins once more. Despite the boat and her love for Frank representing freedom, she starts to feel trapped once more and is unable to truly make her own choices. Her love for Frank starts to not be enough and this paralyzes her at the end, forcing her to stay behind where it is safe. There are obvious signs in both â€Å"Eveline† and â€Å"Araby† of the characters being paralyzed but the cause of the afflictions are on different levels. In â€Å"Araby† the boy’s paralysis occurs because of circumstances out of his control. This banishes his notions of love despite him doing everything in his power to achieve his dreams. For Eveline, love is just not enough and it causes her paralysis at the end because she doesn’t have the willpower to follow her lover to freedom. Because of her life, Eveline’s end result is different. Rather than having an open life in which to live like the boy in â€Å"Araby†, her life is already mapped out before her. While both of the characters may be under the control of a drunken parental figure, Eveline is an adult and she does have the power to make her own decisions. Despite this however, she is still bound by what remains of her love and loyalty to her family. This as well as her hesitation to leave a place that represents safety leaves her paralyzed. Going to the docks in order to escape went against everything that she was raised to believe in and she is incapable of challenging those beliefs: â€Å"All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart. He was drawing her into them: he would drown her† (Joyce 51). When the boat is finally starting to leave, Eveline becomes paralyzed in the true sense of the word. She becomes unable to move and all the whirring thoughts inside of her head have stopped, causing her to completely shut down: â€Å"She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. Her eyes gave him no sight of love or farewell or recognition† (51). This love-based paralysis is somewhat similar to the boy’s in â€Å"Araby†, both being that their love wasn’t enough to carry them through with their respective plans. The end result is different however. The boy in â€Å"Araby† recognized that this love wasn’t enough but Eveline hasn’t gained any knowledge from her own bout of paralysis. While the clarity is subject to interpretation, there is a difference between the circumstances of the paralysis brought on by love in each female and male case in Joyce’s Dubliners. The males are shown as having hope of overcoming their paralysis because it is there to serve as a learning experience. They are on the stepping stones of live and this is just another moment that they have to fight thought. For the women however, it is not that simple. Their paralysis is something final. There is nothing to learn from it; instead, it is as if they are being punished for trying to change their situation. They are being forced back to where they had come from, showing a stark difference in the roles of men and women in Joyce’s literary portrayal of Dublin.

AIDS Cases Article Essays

AIDS Cases Article Essays AIDS Cases Article Paper AIDS Cases Article Paper Somewhere among the million children who go to New Yorks publicly financed schools is a seven-year-old child suffering from AIDS. A special health and education panel had decided, on the strength of the guidelines issued by the federal Centers for Disease Control, that the child would be no danger to his classmates. Yet, when the school year started on September 9th, several thousand parents in two school districts in the borough of Queens kept their children at home. Fear of plague can be as pernicious, and contagious, as the plague itself(Fear of dying 1). This article was written in 1985. Since then much has been found out about AIDS. Not enough for a cure though. There probably will be no cure found in the near future because the technology needed is not available. AIDS cases were first identified in 1981,in the United States. Researchers have traced cases back to 1959. There are millions of diagnosed cases worldwide, but there is no cure (Drotman 163). There are about a million people in the United States who are currently infected with HIV (HIV/AIDS 1). It infects the population heavily in some areas of the country and very lightly in other areas. No race, sex, social class, or age is immune (AIDS Understanding 10). AIDS has killed more Americans than the Vietnam War, which killed 58,000(AIDS Understanding 10). AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Acquired means that it is not hereditary or introduced by medication. Immune indicates that it is related to the bodys system that fights off disease. Deficiency represents the lack of certain kinds of cells that are normally found in the body. Syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs of disordered function that signal the diagnoses (Hyde 1). You dont catch AIDS, you catch HIV. HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV severely damages a persons disease fighting immune system. There are two viruses that cause AIDS. They belong to a group called retroviruses. The first virus is HIV-1. It was isolated by researchers in France in 1983, and in the U.S. in 1984. In 1985, the second one was identified by scientists in France. It is closely related to HIV-1. It is called HIV-2. HIV-2 mainly occurs in Africa but HIV-1 occurs throughout the world(Drotman 163). There are three stages of the infection. The first stage is acute retroviral syndrome and asymptomatic period. This is the flulike or mononucleosislike illness that most people get within 6-12 weeks after becoming infected. It usually goes away without treatment. From this point on the persons blood tests positively for HIV. The second stage is symptomatic HIV infection. This is when the infected persons symptoms show up. It can last anywhere from a few months to many years. The third and final stage is AIDS. This is when the immune system is severally damaged and the opportunistic diseases set in. The progressive breakdown of the immune system leads to death, usually within a few years. HIV causes a severe wasting syndrome. A general decline in the health and in some cases, death. The virus infects the brain and the nervous system. It may cause dementia, a condition of sensory, thinking, or memory disorder. Infection of the brain may cause movement or coordination problems (Drotman 164). HIV can be present in the body for two to twelve years without any outward sign of illness. It can be transmitted to another person even if no symptoms are present (Drotman 164). When HIV picks up speed, a variety of symptoms are possible. The symptoms include unexplained fever, fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss, enlarged lymph glands, loss of appetite, yeast infections of the mouth and vagina, night sweats lasting longer than several weeks, breathing difficulties, a dry cough, sore throat caused by swollen glands, chills, and shaking (Quackenbush 23). Pink or purple, flat or raised blotches or bumps occurring under the skin, inside the mouth, nose, eyelids or rectum are also symptoms. They resemble bruises, but dont disappear. They are usually harder than the skin around them. White spots or unusual blemishes in the mouth is another symptom (Quackenbush 24). There are two illnesses that commonly affect AIDS patients. One is a type of pneumonia called pneumocystis carinii. The other one is a type of cancer called kaposis sarcoma, which attacks the skin (What are HIV/AIDS 1). Pneumocystis carinii is a yeast infection in the esophagus. It causes severe pain when swallowing which results in weight loss and dehydration. It is the leading cause of death among AIDS patients. Kaposis sarcoma are tumors that look like bruises, but grow. These two diseases plus many other are called opportunistic diseases. For decades cases declined in the U.S. until the mid-1980s. Since the mid-80s cases are growing especially in HIV infected people. People with AIDS eventually contract atleast one of the opportunistic diseases. These are the diseases that AIDS patients usually die from (Drotman 164). HIV is transmitted three ways. One way is through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The most risky is anal sex because the anus doesnt stretch. Therefore, it is easier for the skin to tear and bleed. This makes it easier for the infection to get into the bloodstream. It can get soaked up by the mucous membranes that line the vagina, rectum, hole in the tip of the penis, mouth, and the throat (Johnson 17). The second way is through direct contact with infected blood. There are a couple ways of getting it through direct contact with infected blood. One way is by sharing a hypodermic needle with someone who is infected. A tiny drop of infected blood stays inside the needle and syringe. So if a person uses it he or she is actually shooting the infected blood directly into his or her bloodstream. That little droplet of infected blood is enough to give you HIV. Sharing needles for skin-popping can spread HIV in the same way. This way a person is more likely to get infections such as abscesses. A person can also get HIV from sharing other drug works with someone who is infected. Containers or cookers such as spoons or bottle caps, crackpipes, cotton, or water for dissolving drugs or rinsing syringes are some of the works. It doesnt matter what a person is shooting in the needle-heroin, cocaine, speed, steroids, insulin, or any other drug. If a person shares a needle or works with someone who has HIV, he or she could get infected too(Johnson 20). Another way is through a blood transfusion. Chances of getting HIV through a blood transfusion in the U.S. are now very low, but still possible. Testing began in 1985, of all blood and plasma that is donated. The tests that doctors use are over 99% accurate. Blood is destroyed if signs of the virus show up in the donated blood. Therefore, it is almost impossible to get infected through a blood transfusion. Before 1985, some people became infected through infected blood and certain blood products. In the U.S. every piece of equipment used to draw blood is brand new. It is only used once and then it is destroyed. Therefore it is impossible for a donor to get HIV from giving plasma or blood(HIV/AIDS 2). The third way of getting HIV is an infected woman transmitting it to her fetus or baby. A pregnant woman with HIV can pass the virus to her child before or after birth. The way this happens is the fetus gets nourishment from its mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. That is one of the ways. The other way is through breast feeding(Johnson 24). The only way to stem the spread of infection remains the public health approach, educating people on how to avoid infection or educating the infected people on how to avoid infecting someone else. There are many ways to prevent the transmission and spread of AIDS. A person has to be aware, because most people who are infected dont know they are(Nichols 3). One way to prevent infection is to not engage in the act of sexual intercourse with anyone who is or might be infected. If someone is going to , then he or she should atleast use a latex condom. It is medically proven that latex condoms can help to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. HIV can not pass through the intact rubber film. It is almost impossible to catch the virus if the condom is used properly. This means using a good quality condom, one with the kite mark, with a spermicide. The condom itself can kill the virus(HIV/AIDS 2). Condoms dont completely eliminate the risk of being infected because they can tear, break, or slip off. Birth control pills and diaphragms will not protect a person or his or her partner from getting HIV either(HIV/AIDS 4). Drug users should seek professional help to stop doing drugs. They should never share hypodermic needles, syringes, or other injection equipment. Azidothymidine, commonly known as AZT, may reduce the risk of an infected woman transmitting it to her fetus or baby. Also, infected women should not breast feed their infants, since HIV can be present in the breast milk of an infected woman(Drotman 164). There are a number of things that a person can not get HIV from, that people are skeptical about. A person can not get AIDS from handshakes, hugs, coughs, sneezes, sweat, tears, mosquitoes, or other insects, pets, eating food prepared by someone else, or just being around an infected person. A person cant get it from sharing a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, drinking from the same fountain, or from someone spitting on him or her. A person also cant get it from using the same swimming pools, toilet seats, phones, computers, straws, spoons, or cups. Although the virus has been found in saliva, medical opinion states there is no evidence of contamination through wet kissing(What are HIV/AIDS 1). HIV is not spread through the air or water, unlike many other viruses(HIV/AIDS 2). No one has ever caught AIDS by going to a physician or an eye doctor who has treated AIDS patients. No one has ever caught AIDS by eating in a restaurant where AIDS patients have been, nor by sharing a dwelling in which AIDS victims live. No one has caught AIDS by working, studying, or playing with an AIDS patient, unless bodily fluids were exchanged. No one has ever gotten AIDS from an insect bite, even where there are many people with AIDS and even where there are many people with dozens of mosquito bites(AIDS, Understanding 2). HIV is very fragile. It doesnt live long or well outside the human body. It is easily killed with a 1:10 solution of bleach and water. It can be washed from skin with regular soaps. HIV will not survive outside the human body for more than a few hours at the most(Quackenbush 23). If a person thinks he or she might have HIV, he or she can get tested. HIV tests determine the presence of antibodies to the AIDS virus. Antibodies are proteins produced by certain white blood cells to react with specific viruses, bacteria, or foreign substances that go into the body. The presence of antibodies to HIV indicates infection with the virus. The tests that detect the presence of HIV-1 became widely available in 1985. The tests that detect HIV-2 became widely available in 1992. All infected patients should get blood tests done periodically. They should also have their health monitored by a physician(Drotman 164). There is no cure for HIV or AIDS, but treatments have been developed. The treatments help most people live longer. The infected people have to take medications to help them keep healthy and possibly postpone the development of AIDS(Johnson 33). Most of the medication has difficult side effects. Even with all of this, about 18 months after a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, he or she usually get quite sick and require hospital care(AIDS, Understanding 4). Scientists are not sure how, when, or where the AIDS virus originated. Researchers have shown that HIV-1 and HIV-2 are more closely related to simian immunodeficiency viruses than to each other. Simian immunodeficiency viruses infect monkeys. It has been suggested that HIV evolved from viruses that originally infected monkeys in Africa. It was somehow transmitted to people. There are many arguments to this theory. One is that HIV has only been found in human beings. It has never been isolated from any other animal species. Scientists believe The infection became widespread after significant social changes took place in Africa. Somewhere around the 1960s and the 1970s. HIV was isolated as being the cause of AIDS in 1983, and 1984. Tests were then developed to detect the virus. These tests have been used to analyze stored tissues from people who had undetermined deaths in the 60s and the 70s. Scientists found that some of these people died from AIDS. During the 1990s an estimated one million people in the U.S. had the HIV infection or AIDS. There are millions more throughout the world(Drotman 165). AIDS deaths has dropped significantly for the first time since the epidemic began in the early 1980s.They fell 13 percent in the first six months of 1996, to 22,000 people, down from 24,900 deaths in the same period a year earlier, reported by the Centers for Disease Control. The number of people diagnosed with AIDS still continues to grow, but the growth rate is slowing. From 1995 to 1996 the growth rate was less than 2%. The growth rate from 1993 to 1994 was 5%. First signs of drop in deaths of AIDS victims came in January 1997, when New York City reported a 30 percent drop in the number of Aids deaths in 1996. The Center for Disease Control credits better treatments, new drugs, and better access to treatment through state and federal programs. Some think that the decline is unfortunately only a standstill, because for some patients the new drugs are not effective(Meyer A1). Doctors and researchers have been doing research on the virus. They have studied several drugs that stop the growth of HIV in laboratories. One of the drugs is zidovudine, formerly called azidothymidine and commonly known as AZT. Research suggest that azidothymidine can delay the onset of opportunistic illnesses. This drug produces toxic side effects. Some other ones are didanosine(ddl), zalcitbine, which was formerly known as dideoxycytidine and commonly called ddc, and stavudine, which is commonly called D4T. These three drugs also produce dangerous side effects. Researchers are investigating treatments to help restore normal function to the immune system. They believe that any eventual cure must stop the growth of the virus, prevent opportunistic illnesses, and restore the immune system(Drotman 164). Some vaccines are being tested on animals and as of 1993, one is being tested on people who are at very high risk(Nichols 11). Magic Johnsons HIV is now undetectable, but not absent. Though he is not cured, powerful drugs have reduced the AIDS virus in his body to undetectable levels. Undetectable does not mean absent. Activists hope that his progress encourages people to get tested and take advantage of improved treatment. Thousands of HIV patients have had their infections recede to undetectable levels after taking drugs called protease inhibitor. Even though a person with undetectable virus levels can still infect other people. Even if the virus is undetectable in blood or semen, it can still be present in other areas such as intestines. Protease inhibitors reduce illnesses in infected people. These drugs are taken on a strict schedule along with two other AIDS drugs. It requires particular timing. Some drugs must be taken an hour before eating or two hours after. Even with this patients still get side effects. Some of the side effects are nausea, vomiting, headaches, backaches, and gastrointestinal problems. As many as forty percent of the people who take the concoction of drugs develop a resistance to them either because the virus becomes resistant after years of on other drugs, or because patients dont or are unable to take the drugs as ordered. These wonder drugs are expensive costing between $12,000 and $15,000 a year. Although these drugs are expensive it is still worth prolonging a persons life. The virus infects children and newborns, too. Newborns become quite ill by age 1, because their immune system has not fully developed. Most babies that are infected die by 18 months(Quackenbush 23). Today kids need to know about HIV and AIDS. They need to know how a person gets the virus, how it is spread, how they wont get it, what it is, how they can protect themselves from it, and whats going to happen to them if they get it. The real risk of infection for them is through sexual molestation by an infected adult. There are three main reasons why children need to know. One is natural curiosity. AIDS is now an undeniable part of the world. They are curious about the world. They have questions about the world. Another reason is the anxiety children may have about the disease. They understand that AIDS is a very serious disease. The thing they dont understand is the concept of not casually transmitted. The final reason is some children have family members or friends with HIV or AIDS. The kids that have an infected family member or friend face many personal challenges. They get harassed by their peers because their peers dont know what HIV or AIDS is. They think that t! he kid has cooties or something. Children need to know about HIV and AIDS so they can understand and so they dont harass other kids about it(Quackenbush 27). In the United States, federal, state, and local government have provided funds for education, treatment, and research of AIDS. Public health clinics have counseling and HIV-antibody testing to people who have symptoms or are at risk of infection(Drotman 164). Community organizations hope that greater awareness will lead to more compassion and more funding. One project is the AIDS quilt. It was begun in 1986 by an organization called the NAMES Project. This quilt consists of thousands of individually designed panels, which memorializes a person who died of AIDS. This quilt has been displayed in many cities throughout the world(Drotman 164). AIDS has killed many people. People need to be more aware and protect themselves so they dont become another statistic, because HIV and AIDS are serious, deadly, and they will be with us for a long time. There will not be a cure found anytime soon, but hopefully there will be a cure found.

Managing Uncertainty Business Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Uncertainty Business Plan - Coursework Example It is always advisable to settle on a business enterprise that is not only viable, but also within your area of expertise in order to ease its management. In this case, I am intending to start up Electronic repair Services Company, in the City of Birmingham which its capital will be around  £ 250,000 in its first year of operation. The organization will specialize in repairs of home electronics, most particularly home entertainment electronics, such as; DVDs, TV, VCRs, and CD players among many others. The small enterprise is created with an idea of providing top notch innovation to the general repair service business. It will offer a one stop solution for the repairing or renovation of home electronics and phones in Birmingham. This business is aiming to offer its services to home owners and phone users who are often caught unawares with unexpected electronic malfunction. The unique and distinguished services of the Electronic shop will give it the much sought after competitive ad vantage against other repair services businesses. (Apple, 2013, pp. 24)Market analysis There are around 0.9 million households in Birmingham, U.K. Virtually, all these households at least have phones, TVs, VCRs and many other   types electronics. The electronic service company will segment its market into product categories, which will reflect the projected number of each electronic device, being used in Birmingham city, because these devices may malfunction at any time, and they may require repair services.

Finance interview summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance interview summary - Assignment Example However, this exercise was nothing like that. It was an informational interview about career prospects in two areas that I would be most interested in. I am doing a specialization in Finance and Accounting and would also like to look at Human Resources and Administration as an alternative field. The prime reason for this is that when it comes to a downturn in the economy, it is far better to be on the other side of the table letting people go, than being a victim yourself. I first interviewed Mr. Keith Sherin, Vice President of Finance at General Electric and secondly Mr. John Lynch, who was the Vice President of Human Resources at the same organization. Summary of First Interview Q. 1. Mr. Sherin, how would you describe the job you handle as VP of Finance at General Electric? Being VP of Finance of a company as large as General Electric, I am sure you will realize entails a lot of different responsibilities. Finance as you understand is the lifeblood of modern business. In fact peop le are ready to do business with you as long as you have a good reputation in the market and can be trusted and are ethically sound. The lines of cash and credit open to organizations as large and varied as General Electric are many. In fact there are banks and other lending institutions wanting to do business with us. ... Finance is not only about generating funds for projects but the proper use of these funds when in excess. One can pay back a loan in advance, create a sinking fund for replacement of key assets or even buy back stock available in the market. In fact I find it very exciting and challenging and no two days are ever the same. Finance is also about controlling the market value of the shares and maximization of shareholder wealth and prevention of a dilution in value or a hostile takeover (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2009). So the responsibilities are quite varied. Q. 2. How did this interview affect my knowledge about career interests and my own career exploration? I was really impressed with the wide ranging responsibilities of the VP Finance at GE. I could see that authority was commensurate with the responsibilities that a VP Finance had- it was not all about meetings, but the need to make decisions about the flow and direction of the business. Finance was needed to assist in meeting business plans and current situations and a proper effort at financial planning and budgeting was necessary to meet these ends. The VP Finance had to have an overview of budgeting, cash flows, interest payments, bank dealings and all such related matters. It was certainly more difficult than I had expected. Q. 3. What new information, ideas, and insights did I gain from the Interview? For one thing, it requires a dynamic personality with the ability to motivate people to listen to you. You should have the ability to lead and direct subordinates on how to prepare stuff for meetings for internal purposes as well as banks or other institutions. It is not a desk job but

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay Example for Free

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay Imagine staying away from everybody, isolating yourself form someone you love, a family member or colleague because they seem to be sick. Imagine not being able to shake hand, kiss, or hug anybody because you are concerned that you might get some bacteria form them. Imagine not being able to open a door or pressing a button in the elevator with your hand because so many people have touched it before you. Imagine if you repeatedly check if the door of your apartment is locked even though you know for sure that you have locked it and you have checked several times. These are some symptoms of an anxiety disorder known as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) which is characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors you feel compelled to perform. I have read about this disorder a long time ago because I noticed it with the Canadian comedian Howie Mandel. I noticed that Howie has mysophobia, so he does not shake hands with anybody. But I didn’t think about it as a mental illness, I thought it was just a fear that developed in his mind because of an incident that happened to him and I thought it would go away easily by facing that fear. But after watching the movie Back Form Madness, I realized that it is more complicated than what I thought it was. Glen, the photographer, was the person who got most of my attention, mainly because I am a photographer and I have done wedding photography for a while. So I know how hard it is for a photographer to take a perfect picture and the different aspects that should be focused on while taking a picture. Having OCD would defiantly make it much harder because you will be checking so many things in the camera and will take a long time to take a picture which will cause you anxiety because the customers will be mad. In this case, I will stop shooting and I will do the cingulotomy surgery even though, as Glen said, it is very dangerous and very painful. After the surgery, Glen was hopeless because he thought that he would die without getting cured. I cannot really talk about how I would feel because I believe that we cannot feel the whole pain of others unless we are in their shoe. But all I can say is, hope is in the horizon as the sun keeps rising every day with new opportunities to everybody.

Drinking, Driving,parties, And Commonsensical Solutions Essay -- Drunk

Drinking and driving is the number one killer of teenagers in America. Because of it, the teenage group is the only age group who’s number of deaths are increasing instead of decreasing. Outright denying teens of alcohol doesn’t work. That just makes young adults want alcohol even more. What’s sad about drinking under the influence cases is that every one of them could have been easily prevented. So, if you cannot deny adolescences of alcohol, why not just educate them on simple precautions that can be taken to prevent drinking and driving.One of the best and oldest ways to stop drinking under the influence is having a designated driver. It’s not a hard thing to do. Just asking someone responsible to accompany you to a party (or whatever it may be) in which you know there will be alcohol. If you don’t know if there will be alcoholic beverages served, take a responsible friend anyway just to make sure.Another good way to keep yourself from being a DUI case is to clear out your car of anything distracting. When you’re drunk, simple things can give you an incredible amount of entertainment. So, clean out your car from fuzzy dice, cellular phones, anything that can distract you. Studies show that just by doing this, your chance of having an accident can be decreased by over 25%. So, you’re already at the party and drinking beer. What can you do? For starters, you can try eating high protein food like meat, cheese, and peanuts. Foods that are rich in protein can help absorb...

Leaving

1. Nowadays, many immigrants have moved to America(north, central, and south) for many reasons, searching for a fresh start. My family was one of them. I was born in Egypt and lived there for six years of my life. My family’s decision to immigrate to Canada was basically for my future. At that time, the state of the Egyptian government was very unstable, the economy was poor and there were many problems between Christians and Muslims in the country. Also, the education system in Egypt is not one of the best in the world. So, thinking of my future, my parents decided to immigrate to Canada. I have been living here for 12 years now. My country will always be the best to my eyes but I have to say my place is in Canada. In one’s life, it is highly likely that one will hear somebody say â€Å"I've been lucky to have some great opportunities acting with some great people since leaving my country† or â€Å" I have certainly been kept busy since leaving the street! † talking about how much his life is better in another country. In M. G. Vassanji’s short story, â€Å"Leaving† we followed the plot which took place in Tanzania in the 21st century. The story gives a clear representation of immigrant’s lives, their motives and their most dominant struggles. The story can be perceived from many different angles with the use of context, the character’s evolution, the language used and the plot. The origin of â€Å" Uhuru Street† and more specifically of â€Å"Leaving† has much to do with the origin of M. G. Vassanji. Vassanji is a Canadian writer of Indian identity. He was born in Kenya and spent his early years in the south of Asia, in Tanzania. In his written pieces, he concentrates on the situation of south Asians living in Africa. There, we can already see a direct link of vassanji’s life and the people he writes about. Much like Aloo in â€Å"Leaving†, he even received a scholarship to the university of Massachusetts. In his stories, Vassanji analyzes the lives of those people, which are affected by the several migrations. The short story that I chose takes place in Tanzania, Africa. It involves an Indian family living in Africa dealing with the possibility of migration of one of the sons to America and how this could affect his and his whole family’s life. In the story, the son is helped by his family to go to university in America. The mother suffers because she is a widow who raised four children and has trouble letting her son go. â€Å"Leaving† mainly talks about the leaving of the place where our roots are, nowing that everything will change. M. G Vassanji’s style is very unique. It is rather simple and direct combining real life events with heart-felt emotions, nationalities and historical facts. This author had many motives and purposes in writing this story. First of all, this story is a reproduction of a part of his experience because he went through the same life issues as Aloo did. Secondly, the story is a representation of the fears of Indians and immigrants in general. In â€Å"Leaving†, the mother fears that her son will loose a part of his heritage, living in a country where there is no link to it and where there is no daily practice of it and she risks loosing her son. She is also afraid of letting him go because of her protective nature and roots. Third of all, Vassanji intended to show the reader what immigrants go through, what their values are and how they live. Aloo’s motive for leaving Africa even though he was not accepted in the program he applied for says a lot about the living conditions of immigrants to Africa. 2. A)The story is about the life of an Indian family of a widow mother, her two daughters and two sons living in Africa. At the beginning, we learn that the two daughters have gotten married and the mother misses them. Aloo’s mother, as we remark, places all her hope in her son Aloo hoping he will be a man with good opportunities followed by a bright future. Aloo and the narrator are the youngest of 4 children, 2 boys and 2 girls, raised by their widow mother. We learn as we read the story that the daughters are married and out of their mother’s house. This leaves a large burden on the mother’s shoulders as she starts feeling emotions of loneliness. One day, the family sells their store and move from Uhuru Street to Upanga, which was described as peaceful and quiet. During Aloo’s graduate year, he goes on a life changing fieldtrip with a former professor back from abroad. His chat with the professor was the turning point that made Aloo get courage to apply to an American university. In reaction to this desire, Aloo’s mother humored the boy, feeling this was a waste of time. she did not want to get his hopes up only to see them shattered afterwards. When the character finally receives the letter from the California institute of technology, Aloo learns he has been accepted in the agriculture program. Aloo initially wanted to go into medicine and had gotten accepted in the local university of Tanzania. Mother, surprised by the news, kept trying to put Aloo down to protect him and keep him from leaving telling him they did not have enough money. She also joked about how some of his uncles in America would help with financial aid. When Aloo kept insisting, they all decided to confide in an old friend, Mr. Velji. Mr. Velji was very impressed by Aloo’s straight A average and said that it would be a good opportunity and a good experience for the young man. Mother had a hard time letting her son go but ended up doing it to make him happy. The final passage of the story is a letter from Aloo written from London telling his family how much London is a beautiful place and sharing his wonderful experience with them. All the events that happened in the plot are a brief explanation of the passage. First, the event of the mother’s letting her other son, the narrator, go to America foreshadowed that she would have problems letting Aloo go as well but that she would finally let him leave. Second, when Aloo started having hope to go to America and was determined to go, foreshadows the fact that he would expect so much from his trip and would change during this trip as we read in the passage. Third of all, when the mother chose to ask Mr. Velji’s opinions about Aloo’s departure, we could see that she knew what she was doing. She knew that, with his experience from going to America himself, he would be able to judge the situation wisely. This can be related to the character’s evolution in the passage. 2. B) We can see that, in this specific passage, two characters have evolved: Aloo and the mother. In the beginning of the story, the reader’s perception of Aloo is a young adult chasing after his dream of getting into the medicine program. He was viewed as an excellent student with a straight â€Å"A† average. When he receives the letter from the university of California back and finds out he was accepted, he decides he would go to the university because of the fact that he was an Indian being accepted and welcomed by many fraternities in an American university. we can see that his acceptance was a very unusual thing happening because of the discrimination that exists in America nowadays towards immigrants. This event marked the start of his evolution. The passage itself is a letter written by Aloo to his family from London, where e had stopped to visit a friend, telling them how the places he has visited are so different and so beautiful. This passage can have many interpretations. Aloo can be simply sharing a wonderful experience with his mother and siblings or he could be telling them that finally he is living and that what he used to live in Asia is not good enough. In London, he felt as if he was in a world of freedom and opportunities and that Asia was a prison that he escaped from. The second character to whom we can associate a certain evolution in the passage of the short story â€Å"Leaving† is Aloo’s mother. Throughout the beginning of the story up to the middle, the mother had been rather neutral about Aloo’s going away to university. She did not want to encourage him because of many reasons. First of all, she knew that being of Indian origin, he would probably have more trouble than Americans in getting into the university. She did not want to get his hopes up and then see all of his dreams shattered because of the discrimination that exists in the U. S. A. Secondly, she knew that if he ever was accepted and did go away to university, he would probably like his life there more than his life in dare s salam and therefore would not think about coming back. On the other hand, she also was afraid that he would loose a part of his Indian identity if he went to another country and changed his way of living. Basically, in all of the preceding reasons, the mother just wants to protect her child from the outside world that she knows nothing about. Then, in the second half of the story, the mother’s behavior and view concerning Aloo’s departure slowly starts changing. Her love for her son, her protective ways and seeing her son’s dreams being shattered when she tells him that he will not be leaving make her start to see that she needs to learn to let go. In the passage, after the mother has read Aloo’s letter, she stares into the distance. She stares into the distance because she sees what she feared happening in front of her eyes. At this point, we see that she is still worried about her child especially after her interpretation of the words in his letter, but she is ready to accept what life brings him and let him build the bases of his own life. I think time is the wisest counselor for her. 2. d) In the passage, there is a sentence that has a rather hidden meaning from Aloo’s point of view. Vassanji wrote, â€Å"Even the mountains are clean and civilized†. This part of the phrase means that Aloo is criticizing his old life, the life with his mother and siblings in Tanzania as to say that he has finally reached what is the real civilization. He is basically showing them that he is finally in a better place when he never even imagined of going there until a few months before. Vassanji wrote: â€Å"Aloo’s first letter came a week after he left, from London where he’d stopped over to see a former classmate. It flowed over with excitement. How can I describe it,’ he wrote, ‘the sight from the plane†¦mile upon mile of carefully tilled fields, the earth divided into neat green squares†¦even the mountains are clean and civilized. And London†¦Oh London! It seemed that it would never end†¦blocks and blocks of houses, squares, parks, monuments†¦could any city be larger?†¦ How many of our Dar es Salaams would fit here , in this one gorgeous city†¦? A bird flapping its wings: Mr Velji nodding wisely in his chair, Mother staring into the distance. † 3. As I mentioned before, this specific passage, can be viewed in two ways. The most obvious one is that Aloo’s letter is simply a way of expressing his wonderful experience and sharing this happy moment with his family with no other intention. This interpretation is a rather innocent interpretation of Aloo’s character in the way that he is sharing his excitement of seeing things he has never even imagined before. The other decipherment of this passage is an unfavorable one. The view is that Aloo wrote the letter as a criticism of the Asian lifestyle and as a method of telling his family how he is in a better place and has a better life. Some may even read the mother’s reaction of staring into the distance as a selfish one. The mother would be thinking about how her son has left her and went to a better place after all she did for him. She might even be jealous of the fact that her son has many opportunities that she never got to have as a young adult. Of course she is happy that he gets to go and chase after his dreams but she is sad at the idea that he chose his dreams over his mother. 4. With the use of context, character’s evolution and plot, we can see that this passage has a large variety of interpretations. Aloo’s words are either perceived as innocent and good or selfish and bad. He could be writing to his family to share a wonderful, breathtaking experience or he could be writing to tell them how much life in Africa is a prison and how he has finally found the real life. Either way, the most important aspect of this passage is the fact that Aloo left his a country that resembled his own and people who are like him to go towards the unknown. What are his motives for doing so? The predominant incitement for this choice is the fact that he is an Indian boy being accepted and highly welcomed by several fraternities to the university. This was truly a once in a lifetime opportunity because the Indians and immigrants in general, from what we understand from the story, were discriminated against at that time in America. Etymology of words: Green: â€Å"O. E. grene, earlier groeni, related to O. E. growan â€Å"to grow,† from W. Gmc. *gronja- (cf. O. Fris. grene, O. N. gr? nn, Dan. gron, Du. groen, Ger. grun), from PIE base *gro- â€Å"grow,† through sense of â€Å"color of living plants. † The color of jealousy at least since Shakespeare (1596); â€Å"Greensleeves,† ballad of an inconstant lady-love, is from 1580. Meaning of â€Å"a field, grassy place† was in O. E. Sense of â€Å"of tender age, youthful† is from 1412; hence â€Å"gullible† (1605). Greenhorn (containing the sense of â€Å"new, fresh, recent†) was first â€Å"young horned animal† (1455), then â€Å"recently enlisted soldier† (1650), then â€Å"any inexperienced person† (1682). Green light in figurative sense of â€Å"permission† is from 1937. Green and red as signals on railways first attested 1883, as nighttime substitutes for semaphore flags. Green beret originally â€Å"British commando† is from 1949. Green room â€Å"room for actors when not on stage† is from 1701; presumably a well-known one was painted green. †[1] Block solid piece,† c. 1305, from O. Fr. bloc â€Å"log, block,† via M. Du. bloc â€Å"trunk of a tree† or O. H. G. bloh, both from PIE *bhlugo-, from *bhel â€Å"a thick plank, beam. † Slang sense of â€Å"head† is from 1635. The meaning in city block is 1796 , from the notion of a â€Å"compact mass† of buildings; slang meaning â€Å"fashionable promenade† is 1869. Extended sense of â€Å"obstruction† is first recorded 1649. The verb â€Å"to obstruct† is from 1570. Blockhead â€Å"stupid person† (1549) was originally a head-shaped oaken block used by hat-makers. Blockade first used 1680, with false Fr. ending (the Fr. word is blocus). Blockhouse is c. 500, of unknown origin. † Flappig/Fly â€Å"†to soar through air,† O. E. fleogan (class II strong verb; past tense fleag, pp. flogen), from W. Gmc. *fleuganan (cf. O. H. G. fliogan, O. N. flugja, M. Du. vlieghen, Ger. fliegen), from PIE *pleu- â€Å"flowing, floating† (cf. Lith. plaukiu â€Å"to swim†). The O. E. plural in -n (cf. oxen) gradually normalized 13c. -15c. to -s. Notion of â€Å"flapping as a wing does† led to sense of â€Å"tent flap† (1810), which yielded (1844) â€Å"covering for buttons that close up a garment. † Flying buttress is from 1669. Fly-fishing (from fly (n. )) is from 1653; while flying fish is from c. 511. Flying saucer first attested 1947, though the image of saucers for unidentified flying objects is from at least 1880s. Flying Dutchman ghost ship first recorded c. 1830, in Jeffrey, Baron de Reigersfeld's â€Å"The Life of a Sea Officer. † Slang phrase fly off the handle â€Å"lose one's cool† dates from 1825. On the fly is 1851. Flying colors (1706) is probably from the image of a naval vessel with the national flag bravely displayed. † Distance â€Å"c. 1290, from O. Fr. destance, from L. distantia â€Å"a standing apart,† from distantem (nom. distans) â€Å"standing apart, separate, distant,† prp. f distare â€Å"stand apart,† from dis- â€Å"apart, off† + stare â€Å"to stand† (see stet). The figurative sense is the same as in stand-offish. Phrase go the distance (1930s) seems to be origina lly from boxing. † Plane â€Å"flat surface,† 1604, from L. plantum â€Å"flat surface,† properly neut. of adj. planus â€Å"flat, level, plain, clear,† from PIE *pla-no- (cf. Lith. plonas â€Å"thin;† Celtic *lanon â€Å"plain;† perhaps also Gk. pelanos â€Å"sacrificial cake, a mixture offered to the gods, offering (of meal, honey, and oil) poured or spread†), suffixed form of base *pele- â€Å"to spread out, broad, flat† (cf. O. C. S. polje â€Å"flat land, field,† Rus. polyi â€Å"open;† O. E. , O. H. G. feld, M. Du. veld â€Å"field†). Fig. sense is attested from 1850. The verb meaning â€Å"soar, glide on motionless wings† is first recorded 1611, from M. Fr. planer (16c. ), from L. planum on notion of bird gliding with flattened wings. Of boats, etc. , â€Å"to skim over the surface of water† it is first found 1913. † Maps [pic] [pic] Ramatan Abdel-Maksoud Analysis of â€Å"Leaving† 603-103-04 David Fielding March 6th 2009 ———————– [1] http://www. Etymonline. com (all etymologies of words)

STAR Industries - Managing Performance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2308 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? STAR Industries Manage Performance Table of Contents Background Summary Reasons for Probation Review Current Policy and Procedures Processes and Methods Performance Management Feedback Appraisals Tools Feedback Forms and Questionnaires Action plan Checklist Online resources Schedule Conclusion References . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "STAR Industries Managing Performance" essay for you Create order Background Summary STAR Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ current Probation Policies and Procedures need to be reviewed and amended. In compliance with government legislations, new employees are entitled to have a probation period, which would make their transition much easier from induction to working productively. The current policies and procedures are too vague as it does not entail what its performance managements are as well as how they receive feedbacks and appraisals. In order for STAR Industries to continuously improve, the company would review and amend their current policies and procedures, and they will implement these changes into the probation process. Reasons for Probation After every induction process, it is essential to have a probation period. The probation period can be seen as a trial/ testing period where they can assess whether or not the job is right for the new employees. The employer will find that the new employees may not have the skills and knowledge expected or they are unsuitable for the job. Likewise, the employee/s may find that they are not suited to their new roles. The probation period allows both the employer and the employees the power to terminate the employment within a shorter notice than if it was continued beyond the intended timeline. This is also a period where the employer will be able to identify and assess the new employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance gaps as well as helping them to adjust to their new roles. By identifying and addressing the new employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance gaps early on, it will prevent the company from making unfair dismissals/ terminations as well as keeping the new employees leavin g their jobs. It will also prevent the employees from anxiety, stress and other negative attitudes that would affect their performance. The company would able to deal these by conducting training (such as mentoring, coaching, shadowing, etc.), performance management criteria and routine interviews, as well as allowing the new employees to provide feedback and answering any of their enquiries regarding their employment. To provide support to these new employees, they are encouraged to discuss their job performances as well as work goals, targets and milestones during their routine sessions with their immediate supervisor or manager. Their work goals, targets and milestones will reflect on the employee awards and salary. By discussing these, the STAR Industries would be able to help and support these new employees through developing their skills and knowledge up the employee awards and salary ladder. Thus this is why having a probation period is essential to both the company and th e new employees. Review Current Policy and Procedures The current STAR Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ probationary policies and procedures are quite vague in terms of the processes of performance management, feedbacks and appraisals. Because it is not specific enough, when read through the document, many will have different interpretations of its content. As a result, there will be possibility of unfair procedures and repercussions. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended that the Probationary Policies and Procedures are to be reviewed and implemented for the new employees of STAR Industries. Processes and Methods To be able to assess the new employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance gaps and preventing them feeling any negative attitudes that would affect their work performance, all new positions are entitled to be placed in a probationary period. The standard STAR Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ probation period is 3 months which will include performance management, feedback and appraisals. By implementing these, it gives an opportunity to evaluate the new staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance, commitment and general suitability for the role/s. Performance Management Training There is a possibility that the new employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ do not have the level of skills and knowledge expected for their roles. It is for that reason that training can be used to develop skills and knowledge in order to improve their work performances. Most of these methods are done face-to-face so that should anything happen, they can be dealt with as quickly as possible. Coaching To monitor on an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s overall progress, coaching is use to improve a wider range of work and life skills. Coaching is most effective type of training in response to performance gaps. To help employees develop their potential, workplace coaches are there to help employees providing opportunities to achieve their short and long-term work goals. Mentoring Mentoring is use when there is a role model or a more experienced person in the organisation passes on their knowledge and skills to the new employee or lesser experienced individual. Usually, but not always, the mentor would be the employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s boss/ manager/ supervisor. The trainee or lesser experienced individual looks up to these role models to see how things are done and what is being accepted as suitable behaviour within the workplace. Shadowing Shadowing is a process where the new employee follows another employees (more experienced staff) observing them at work for a specified period of time. This helps the employee by giving them an understanding of the company as they see them in daily action and application in the workplace. It also gives the employee an insight to explore potential career paths within the company. Shadowing can also allow the employee to see examples and then demonstrate/ practice the job skills as well as foster relationships and communications with other current staff members, clients/ customers and vendors. Goal-setting sessions Goal setting can be the most challenging but also the most important task in the workplace. Employees need to be aware of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goals, targets and milestones in order to achieve them. It also uplifts the employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ morale by developing a weekly or monthly meeting system to talk with them about companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s status and upcoming events and objectives. This will get the employees on board and give them an understanding of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategic direction. To ensure that the goals are met, they should be written clearly and easy to understand. The progress must also be followed up to make sure that the employees are on track of achieving their goals. Feedback Two-way Feedback Providing feedback simply tells the new employee on their quality of performance. Two-way feedback on the other hand is a more effective way where the employer also received feedback, either on their performance and/ or business. Both parties must be prepared to listen to what the other is saying, without being defensive if the comment is not good. Not only does feedback is use as to criticise on poor performance, but also as a way to motivate, direct and present the opportunity to improve. It is vital to listen to the feedback carefully, ask questions to clarify, and understand the valid points that have been discussed. Peer Feedback Another way for people to continuously improve is peer feedback where it would be used to give each other suggestions, opinions and ideas. From the new employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective, it can be used to see what their fellow co-workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ evaluation of the new employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work performance. To compare and determine if they have conducted the probationary programme effectively, managers/ supervisors would ask for feedback from their fellow peers/ colleagues. Peer feedback can be seen as a two-way process where it gives people the opportunity to determine each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strengths and weaknesses and to give support when needed. Interview/ meetings Regularly meeting face-to-face is one of the most effective ways that people get feedback or inform on poor performance or workplace behaviour. These meetings can be done formally or informally. During these interviews/ meetings, it is important to address any concerns in these opportune moments as well as to assess the new employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress. Since the probation period is 3 months long, it is recommended that these meetings must be done weekly in order to support the new employee and to check up on any of their concerns. Appraisals Performance gaps During the probation period, it is important to identify, document and address the new employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance gaps. By analysing these performance gaps, this will help the employer to determine whether or not the new employee will need training on particular skills/ jobs. This will help the employee to become quickly productive and to achieve their own personal work goals/ targets/ milestones. If the new employee fails to improve on their performance after their training, employers, who document their performance gaps, would use these as evidence to support a decision to terminate the employee at the end of the probation period. Tools These are the tools that the line managers/ supervisors and new employees would use to help them during the probation period. Feedback Forms and Questionnaires Managers/ supervisors would use these templates (which is available on the STAR Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Intranet) to receive feedback from the new employees and other managers. These documents/ forms would be used to determine the effectiveness of the probation process. In order to continuously improve, these will be collected and assessed by the HR department to determine the effectiveness of the probation period. Action plan Employees would be given a probationary action plan which they are obligated to submit their personal work goals, targets and milestones. With their goals, targets and milestones made known, this will allow the managers/ supervisors help the new employees to achieve their goals, targets and milestones. The action plan would be used in conjunction with the goal-setting sessions and/or interviews/meetings. Checklist There are two types of checklist; one for the manager/ supervisor and the other for the new employee. The checklist will be used in conjunction with the probationary schedule. The checklist will be broken up into weekly sections, which would include all of the necessary tasks, methods, objectives and tools. The checklist is used as a reference to ensure that the probation process is on track and that it does not let the manager/ supervisor stumble through the procedure. This also reduces the new employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s anxiety and gives them some reassurance that the company does see that their employment to the organisation is important. Online resources Online is a multi-medium which would possess a great number of resources. Online resources will not only gives staff access to the STAR Industriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ intranet with links to probationary templates, it also allows them gain access to electronic manuals and tools, case studies, reference videos, websites, and other related resources. Both the manager/supervisor and the new employee would use resource in their own time. Schedule Both the manager/supervisor and the new employee would use the probationary schedule. The schedule would be used in conjunction with the probationary checklist. This is used as a reference to ensure that the probation process is on track. The schedule would be an Excel spreadsheet with the necessary tasks, methods, objectives and tools in alignment with a 3-month period, weekly timeline. On the next page is a brief timeline of what the schedule should be based on. Probation Timeline Week 1 First probation meeting/ interview Talk about their employment and probation to ensure they understand Provide them with checklist and schedule of their probation Answer any of their enquiries Goal setting session Establishing what their goals and targets are going to be over the next twelve months with milestones in between; action plan Introduce to coach/ mentor/ trainer Provide other resources (online, intranet, manuals, videos, contact list) should they need them Week 2 Work through probation checklist 1 Weekly meeting/ interview to check employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress Goal setting sessions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check progress and achievements Check progress with coach/ mentor/ trainer Identify performance gaps and address them Answer any of their questions and enquiries Week 5 Work through probation checklist 2 Weekly meeting/ interview to check employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress Goal setting sessions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check progress and achievements Check progress with coach/ mentor/ trainer Identify performance gaps and address them Answer any of their questions and enquiries Week 9 Work through probation checklist 3 Weekly meeting/ interview to check employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress Goal setting session à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check progress and achievements Check progress with coach/ mentor/ trainer Identify performance gaps and address them Answer any of their questions and enquiries Week 12 Work through probation checklist 4 Feedback + Evaluation Last meeting/ interview to check employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress Two-way feedback Peer feedback Goal setting session à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" check progress and achievements Check progress with coach/ mentor/ trainer Answer any of their questions and enquiries Remind them that there is support if they need it Conclusion As it is essential that every new employee have a probationary period, it is also necessary that the probation policies and procedures themselves should be outlined clearly. This is so that there is little to no chance of different interpretations and ineffective/ illegal methods which would then potentially lead to dire consequences. Not only does this improvement help and support the new employees, it also helps the managers and supervisor who would be conducting them. By reviewing and implementing the new probation process whilst complying with government legislations, it would allow STAR Industries to continuously improve and help them achieve their business goals. References CCH Australia Limited, Baker and McKenzie Lawyers Macquarie University 2014, Australian Master Human Resources Guide, 10 edn, North CCH Australia, Sydney, New South Wales. Heathfield, S.M 2014, Why Do Organizations Need to Provide Job Shadowing for On-the-Job Training?, viewed on 18 April 2014, https://humanresources.about.com/od/On-The-Job-Training/f/Why-Organizations-Need-To-Provide-Job-Shadowing.htm. Positive Change Consulting 2014, Employee Feedback Building a Positive Workplace Culture, viewed on 22 April 2014, https://www.positivechange.com.au/articles/employee_feedback.html. TAFE Queensland à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Metropolitan South Institute of TAFE 2014, STAR Industries Intranet, viewed on 7 March 2014, https://my.tafe.qld.gov.au/MSI/MSI_Common/Toolboxes/HR506/shared/intranet/ index.htm. Wanish, H.R 2009, Setting Goals in the Workplace, viewed on 18 April 2014, https://suite.io/heather-rothbauer-wanish/1n9020a.